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Jaundice Joint Hypermobility Syndrome Joint Protection Keep It Fit At Home!: A Home Exercise Programme After Discharge Knee Arthroscopy: Post-Operative Discharge Instructions Knee Replacement Post-Discharge Self Care at Home Knee Replacement Surgery Knee Replacement Surgery: Care Planning and Self-Preparation Know About Importance of Taking Your Meds Know About Medication Label Know About Storage and Expiry Know How to Create a Medication List Know How to Manage Side-effects of Medication Know How to Pack A Pill Box Know How to Remember to Take Your Meds Know If You Have Enough Medication Know Tips for Taking Your Medication Correctly Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Post-Surgery Instructions Laryngeal Cancer Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Laser Treatment For Diabetic Eye Disease Laser Vision Correction Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) Learning About Stroke Liver Cancer Liver Cirrhosis Liver Cirrhosis and Advanced Care Planning (ACP) Liver Function Test (LFT) Living with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) Low Back Pain Lung Nodule Lymphoedema Lymphoma Managing Diabetes: Foot Care Medications Mental Hygiene: Maintaining a Healthy Mind Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Microvascular Cranial Nerve Palsy Mobility: DIY Mobility Checklist Motor Neuron Disease Move Strong, Be Balanced Multiple Myeloma Muscle Ache Myasthenia Gravis Myelodysplastic Syndrome Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Test Myringoplasty or Tympanoplasty or Mastoidectomy Post-Surgery Advice Nail Filing: The Suggested Way to Take Care of Your Toenails Nail: Wedge Resection of Nail Narrow Angles (Primary Angle Closure Suspects) Nasogastric Tube Feeding (NGT) Nasopharyngeal Cancer Nauseas and Vomiting Nd-YAG (Neodymium Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet) Laser Capsulotomy Neck Flexibility Exercises Neck Pain: Cervical Radicular Pain (Brachialgia) Neck Pain: Chronic Neck Pain (Cervical Facet Joint Pain) Neck Strengthening Exercises Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) Nutrition (Diabetes Management): Alcohol and Diabetes Mellitus Nutrition: Balancing Fat Intake Nutrition: Bone Health Nutrition: Calcium in Your Diet Nutrition: Cancer Prevention and Plant-based Diet (PBD) Nutrition: Dialysis Diet Nutrition: Dietary Approaches to Reduce Stroke Risk Nutrition: Dietary Management for Constipation in Older Adults Nutrition: Dietary Management of Gout Nutrition: Dietary Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Nutrition: Drink Adequate Fluids Nutrition: Eat Well On A Budget Nutrition: Eating Well Before Surgery Nutrition: Eating Well with Chronic Lung Disease Nutrition: Fasting Safely For Ramadan Nutrition: Food Safety and You Nutrition: Food Storage and Safety Nutrition: Glycaemic Index Nutrition: Gut Health Nutrition: Healthier Cooking Methods Nutrition: Healthy Eating and Cancer Nutrition: Healthy Eating Guidelines Nutrition: Healthy Eating Tips for Managing Cholesterol (Hyperlipidaemia) Nutrition: Healthy Eating Tips for Managing Diabetes Nutrition: Healthy Eating Tips for Weight Loss Nutrition: High Energy or High Protein Diet Nutrition: How to Improve Your Nutrition and Hydration Nutrition: Increase Fruits and Vegetable Intake Nutrition: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Nutrition: Iron Nutrition: Kidney Disease Management Nutrition: Liquidised Diet Nutrition: Low Fibre/Residue Diet Nutrition: Low FODMAPs Diet Nutrition: Maintain A Healthy Weight Nutrition: Malnutrition Nutrition: Malnutrition - 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Venous Leg Ulcer (VLU)

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What is the Normal Function of Venous System?

The normal function of venous system is dependent on the patency of the veins (the degree which the veins are not blocked or obstructed), condition of the one-way valves, and the muscle pumps in the foot and calf (Eberhardt & Raffetto, 2014).

What is Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI)?

  • Valves in healthy veins move the blood in one direction and keep the blood pressure in the veins normal to prevent the blood from flowing backwards.
  • In CVI, the diseased valves causes blood to move in both directions, increasing the blood pressure in the veins when walking.

Venous Leg Ulcer 1.png

Blood Flow in a Normal and Diseased Vein

Image taken from https://www.medtronic.com/content/dam/medtronic-com/products/cardiovascular/superficial-vein/general/disease-state/normal-vs-diseased-vein.jpg

What is Venous Leg Ulcer (VLU)?

VLU is generally present in individuals with CVI. It is a shallow open wound on the surface of your skin that is usually wet and weepy with heavy discharge. It can occur between your knee and ankle and takes a long time to heal.

VLU can be caused by skin infection, penetrating injury, rapid onset of leg swelling, burns, dry skin with itching/scratching, and insect bites (Kelechi et al., 2015).

Venous Leg Ulcer 2.png

Example of Venous Leg Ulcers (VLU)

(Left) Image retrieved from https://www.evidentlycochrane.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/venous-leg-ulcers-e1508833041133.jpg; (Right) Image retrieved from https://www.eo2.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/foot-ulcer1.jpg

What are the Risk Factors of VLU?

  1. Smoking
  2. Obesity
  3. Previous leg injuries
  4. Varicose (swollen) veins
  5. Prolonged standing
  6. Poor blood circulation that results in blood clots and swollen veins

How to Prevent VLU?

  1. Quit smoking
  2. Lose weight if you are overweight
  3. Follow your doctor’s advice to manage chronic diseases, such as high blood pressure and diabetes
  4. Maintain a balanced diet
  5. Exercise regularly
  6. Replace support stockings every 3 to 6 monthly
  7. Leg elevation above level of the heart when lying down
  8. Skin care

What are the Treatments for VLU?

  1. Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) test will be done to check the blood flow in your legs and guides treatment options.
  2. Appropriate wound care using a compression bandage

How Do I Care for My VLU After Recovery?

Your goal is to minimise the risk of developing VLU again. Continue to wear medical compression stockings prescribed by your healthcare professional.

2021/11/09
 

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2024/09/09
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